Patels’ ~ The origins

 The Patel surname, prevalent in Gujarat, India, originates from the term "Patidar," meaning landholder or village headman, derived from the Prakrit word *paṭṭaïl(l)a-* ("village headman") and Sanskrit *paṭṭakila* ("tenant of royal land"). Historically, Patels were associated with the Kanbi caste, primarily peasant farmers, who rose to socio-economic prominence during the British Raj due to land reforms that favored agricultural communities over warrior castes like the Kolis. These reforms, starting around 1815 in Kheda district, transformed Kanbis into a land-owning elite, adopting the title "Patel" as a hereditary surname around 300 years ago.

The Patidar community includes two major sub-castes: Leuva and Kadva, traditionally claiming descent from Lord Rama’s sons, Luv and Kush, respectively, though such claims are considered legendary. Leuva Patels settled in central Gujarat and Saurashtra, while Kadva Patels were primarily in northern Gujarat. 

Some narratives suggest Patidars migrated to Gujarat from regions like Marwad or Punjab, with one account tracing their arrival 900 years ago to cultivate arid lands under a leader who brought 1,001 families. Kadva Patidars later established Unjha as a community center, worshipping Goddess Umiya.

Patels were initially agrarian but diversified into business and commerce during British rule, with some serving as tax collectors. The Koli caste, another land-owning group in Gujarat, also adopted the Patel title, particularly in Saurashtra, and some Muslim converts from Hindu Kolis or Patidars use the surname. 

Over time, Patels became influential in Gujarat’s politics and economy, constituting about 15% of the state’s population (around 1.5 crore of 6 crore). Their global diaspora, especially in the US and UK, has further amplified their prominence, with many excelling in industries like hospitality and diamonds.

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